The Baboons Among Us: How Western Society Mirrors Aggressive Hierarchies
In Robert Sapolsky’s study of the Keekorok baboons, he observed a society characterized by aggressive dominance hierarchies, where high-ranking males exerted stress and aggression on lower-ranking individuals. This environment created significant stress and negatively impacted the health and well-being of the baboons, particularly those at the lower end of the social hierarchy.
A rapid cultural change occurred in the Keekorok baboon troop when the aggressive males suddenly died off. With the abusive power structure gone, life improved dramatically for the surviving baboons: the females, juveniles, and good guys. Scientist Robert Sapolsky recorded changes in their stress hormones. Where previously the levels were high in the majority of the population and low in those at the top, with the cultural change, the general population’s stress hormones went markedly down.
From an interpersonal neurobiology (IPNB) perspective, mainstream Western culture can be seen as similar to the Keekorok baboon’s prior culture in several ways:
Hierarchical Structures
Western culture often emphasizes hierarchical structures in various domains, including workplaces, social classes, and institutions. These hierarchies can create environments where individuals at lower levels experience chronic stress due to subordination, competition, and lack of control over their circumstances.
Stress and Health Implications
Just as lower-ranking baboons in Sapolsky’s study suffered from increased stress and health issues, individuals in Western culture who face chronic stress due to social and economic pressures can experience adverse health outcomes. This stress can affect the nervous system, leading to dysregulation and impacting overall well-being.
Aggression and Competition
Western culture often values competition and aggression, mirroring the aggressive behaviors seen in the Keekorok baboons. This cultural emphasis on winning and dominance can perpetuate stress and conflict, rather than fostering cooperation and mutual support.
Lack of Social Support
The aggressive and competitive nature of both the baboon society and Western culture can lead to a lack of genuine social support and connection. From an IPNB perspective, meaningful social connections are essential for regulating the nervous system and maintaining homeostasis. The absence of these connections can exacerbate stress and negatively impact mental health.
Impact on Vulnerable Populations
Just as lower-ranking baboons bore the brunt of aggression and stress, vulnerable populations in Western culture—such as those facing socioeconomic disadvantages, discrimination, or trauma—often suffer more significant negative effects. These individuals may experience compounded stress and have fewer resources to cope effectively.
From an IPNB perspective, mainstream Western culture shares similarities with the Keekorok baboons’ society in terms of hierarchical structures, stress, aggression, lack of social support, and the disproportionate impact on vulnerable individuals. Addressing these issues requires fostering environments that prioritize empathy, cooperation, and genuine social connections to support the nervous system’s health and overall well-being.
